Topics lesson
course of history
December 13, 2007
Italy in World War II
Resumption of previous lesson
Situation of the great nation-states in thirties.
a) Axis Rome - Berlin
After 1936 (war in Ethiopia) and the output of Italy by the League of Nations
consolidation of ties during the English Civil War (1936-1939) Episode
Conference, Monaco, the issue of Sweat Czechoslovakia
b) weakness and uncertainty in Western countries (France and Great Britain)
- Benevolence against Hitler and Mussolini in the light anti-Soviet and anti
- Remission during the conference in Monaco
c) USA are at a stage of "isolationism" after anti-European
d) USSR Stalinist regime
- period of forced industrialization
- "purge" (cleansing) in the party and army
- Mistrust is to Hitler to the Western
Result: Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact in August 1939
Since the mid-thirties is preparing for war
War is not "broke", is prepared and induced by a long process.
Hitler into power in 1933 and applied by the decision points of the National Socialist
· Termination and rejection of the peace treaties of Paris
· rearmament of Germany
· affirmation of the need of Space German living
· Affirmation Unification of the Germanic peoples
enemies: the Slavs to the east (subhumans), Jews and Communists (stab in the back) the Western democracies and Soviet Communism.
Approach to Italy because:
- country example of authoritarian
- Interested in changing the balance came out of the European peace treaties exit from the League of Nations
Annexation of Austria
Annexation of Czechoslovakia
Claiming Union to Eastern Prussia
Document No. 1 Agreement concluded in Monaco of Bavaria, 29 September 1938, between Germany, Britain, France and Italy.
Germany, United Kingdom, France and Italy considered that the agreement has already been reached in principle for the cession to Germany of the Sudeten German territory, they also grant the following terms and conditions governing the said cession and the measures resulting from this Agreement, they shall be held responsible for the steps to ensure its fulfillment:
(1) The evacuation will begin on October 1.
(2) the United Kingdom, France and Italy agree that the evacuation of the area will be completed on October 10 without any installation is completely destroyed and that the Government of Czechoslovakia will be held responsible for the implementation of ' evacuation without damage to such premises.
(3) the conditions governing evacuation will be determined in detail by an international commission composed of representatives of Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Czechoslovakia.
(4) the gradual occupation of the predominantly German territory by German troops will begin Oct. 1. The four territories marked on the attached map will be occupied by German troops in the following order: The territory marked
N.ro 1 on 1 and 2 October, the territory marked N.ro 2 on 2 and 3 October, the territory marked N.ro 3 on 3, 4 and 5 October, the territory marked N.ro 4 on 6 and 7 October. The remaining German territory of greater weight will be determined immediately by the international commission that and will be occupied by German troops by October 10.
(5) The international commission referred to in paragraph 3 will determine the territories in which a plebiscite is held. These territories will be occupied by international bodies until the plebiscite has been completed. The same commission will fix the conditions under which the plebiscite will be held, taking as basis the conditions of the plebiscite in the Saar. The commission will also fix a date not later than the end of November in which the plebiscite will be held.
(6) The final determination of the borders will be performed by the international commission. The Committee shall be entitled to recommend to the Four Powers, Germany, Britain, France and Italy, in certain exceptional cases, minor modifications in the strictly ethnographical determination of the areas that will be transferred without plebiscite.
(7) there will be a right of choice inside and outside the territories transferred, the choice must be exercised within six months from the date of this agreement. A German-Czechoslovak commission shall determine the details of the choice, consider ways to facilitate the transfer of population and decide on questions of principle arising out of such transfer.
(8) The Czechoslovak Government within a period of four weeks from the date of this agreement release from their military forces and any police Sudeten German who would like to be released, and the Czechoslovak Government within the same period release Sudeten German prisoners who are serving sentences of imprisonment for political offenses.
Monaco of Bavaria, 29 September 1938. Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Edouard Daladier, Neville Chamberlain
Document No. 2 non-aggression pact between
Germany and the USSR August 23, 1939
The Government of the Reich German Government and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, desiring to strengthen the peace between
Both Contracting Parties undertake to refrain from all acts of violence or aggression between them, conducted both individually and in alliance with other powers.
ARTICLE 2
If a contracting party is subject to acts of hostility by a third Power, the other Contracting Party shall in no so lend your support to that power.
ARTICLE 3
The Governments of both parties will maintain a close relationship with each other, consulting on issues that may affect the future on common interests.
ARTICLE 4
None of the two parties will participate in any alliance with any power that seeks, directly or indirectly, to attack the other party.
ARTICLE 5
Where conflicts arise between the contracting parties, or differences of any kind, either resolve such disputes exclusively through friendly discussions or, if necessary, resorting to arbitration committees. ARTICLE 6
This Treaty shall remain in force for a period of ten years with the proviso that if one of the Contracting Parties denounces it a year before the deadline, it will be automatically renewed for another five years.
ARTICLE 7 This Treaty shall be ratified as soon as possible. The respective ratifications will be presented in Berlin. The agreement will enter into force upon signature.
For the Government of the German Reich: von RIBBENTROP
For the Government of the USSR: Molotov
secret protocol attached to the non-aggression pact
September 28, 1939
The Government of the USSR will not hinder any citizen or any citizen of the Reich home German living in Soviet territory who wish to emigrate to Germany or the territories under German jurisdiction. The Government of the USSR that such migration can also be operated by officials of the Reich Government in cooperation with the competent local authorities and ensure that the rights of migrants on their property will be safeguarded.
The same commitment is given by the Government of the Reich against Russians or Ukrainians currently residing in the territories under German jurisdiction wishing to emigrate to the Soviet Union.
Moscow, September 28, 1939
For the Government of the German Reich: von RIBBENTROP
For the Government of the USSR: Molotov
The undersigned plenipotentiaries of the Government of the German Reich and Government of the USSR sign this agreement to the following conditions:
The Secret Supplementary Protocol signed August 23, 1939 will be amended by providing that the the State of Lithuania within the sphere of influence of the USSR that the province of Lublin and the province of Warsaw fall within the influence of Germany. As soon as the Government of the USSR has adopted special measures in Lithuania in order to protect its interests, the present German-Lithuanian border will be amended so that the part of Lithuanian territory situated to the south-west of the line marked on the attached map, part of the German Reich.
It was also stated that the economic agreements now in force between Germany
Moscow, September 28, 1939
For the Government of the German Reich: von RIBBENTROP
For the Government of the USSR: Molotov
The undersigned Plenipotentiaries, in concluding the Treaty of Friendship Russian - German have agreed on the fact that both parties will not tolerate in their territories no Polish agitation which could have an impact on the territories of the other Contracting Party. They repress such unrest in the bud and agree on the best measures to be taken in such circumstances.
Moscow, September 28, 1939
For the Government of the German Reich: von RIBBENTROP
For the Government of the USSR: Molotov
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