Soul Silver Rom English Desmume

lesson part 1 December 13 December 13

Topics lesson

course of history

December 13, 2007

Italy in World War II

Resumption of previous lesson

Situation of the great nation-states in thirties.

a) Axis Rome - Berlin

After 1936 (war in Ethiopia) and the output of Italy by the League of Nations

consolidation of ties during the English Civil War (1936-1939) Episode

Conference, Monaco, the issue of Sweat Czechoslovakia

b) weakness and uncertainty in Western countries (France and Great Britain)

• Benevolence against Hitler and Mussolini in the light anti-Soviet and anti

• behavior during the War of Spain

• Remission during the conference in Monaco

c) USA are at a stage of "isolationism" after anti-European the First World War. Case of the League of Nations in Geneva in which there enter

d) USSR Stalinist regime

• period of forced industrialization

• "purge" (cleansing) in the party and army

• Mistrust is to Hitler to the Western

Result: Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact in August 1939

Since the mid-thirties is preparing for war

War is not "broke", is prepared and induced by a long process.

Hitler into power in 1933 and applied by the decision points of the National Socialist

· Termination and rejection of the peace treaties of Paris

· rearmament of Germany

· affirmation of the need of Space German living

· Affirmation Unification of the Germanic peoples

enemies: the Slavs to the east (subhumans), Jews and Communists (stab in the back) the Western democracies and Soviet Communism.

Approach to Italy because:

• country example of authoritarian
• Interested in changing the balance came out of the European peace treaties exit from the League of Nations

Annexation of Austria

Annexation of Czechoslovakia

Claiming Union to Eastern Prussia

Document No. 1 Agreement concluded in Monaco of Bavaria, 29 September 1938, between Germany, Britain, France and Italy.

Germany, United Kingdom, France and Italy considered that the agreement has already been reached in principle for the cession to Germany of the Sudeten German territory, they also grant the following terms and conditions governing the said cession and the measures resulting from this Agreement, they shall be held responsible for the steps to ensure its fulfillment:

(1) The evacuation will begin on October 1.

(2) the United Kingdom, France and Italy agree that the evacuation of the area will be completed on October 10 without any installation is completely destroyed and that the Government of Czechoslovakia will be held responsible for the implementation of ' evacuation without damage to such premises.

(3) the conditions governing evacuation will be determined in detail by an international commission composed of representatives of Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy and Czechoslovakia.

(4) the gradual occupation of the predominantly German territory by German troops will begin Oct. 1. The four territories marked on the attached map will be occupied by German troops in the following order: The territory marked

N.ro 1 on 1 and 2 October, the territory marked N.ro 2 on 2 and 3 October, the territory marked N.ro 3 on 3, 4 and 5 October, the territory marked N.ro 4 on 6 and 7 October. The remaining German territory of greater weight will be determined immediately by the international commission that and will be occupied by German troops by October 10.

(5) The international commission referred to in paragraph 3 will determine the territories in which a plebiscite is held. These territories will be occupied by international bodies until the plebiscite has been completed. The same commission will fix the conditions under which the plebiscite will be held, taking as basis the conditions of the plebiscite in the Saar. The commission will also fix a date not later than the end of November in which the plebiscite will be held.

(6) The final determination of the borders will be performed by the international commission. The Committee shall be entitled to recommend to the Four Powers, Germany, Britain, France and Italy, in certain exceptional cases, minor modifications in the strictly ethnographical determination of the areas that will be transferred without plebiscite.

(7) there will be a right of choice inside and outside the territories transferred, the choice must be exercised within six months from the date of this agreement. A German-Czechoslovak commission shall determine the details of the choice, consider ways to facilitate the transfer of population and decide on questions of principle arising out of such transfer.

(8) The Czechoslovak Government within a period of four weeks from the date of this agreement release from their military forces and any police Sudeten German who would like to be released, and the Czechoslovak Government within the same period release Sudeten German prisoners who are serving sentences of imprisonment for political offenses.

Monaco of Bavaria, 29 September 1938. Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Edouard Daladier, Neville Chamberlain

Document No. 2 non-aggression pact between

Germany and the USSR August 23, 1939

The Government of the Reich German Government and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, desiring to strengthen the peace between Germany and the USSR in accordance with the basic standards contained in the Pact of Neutrality between the two countries signed in April 1926, have reached the following Agreement: ARTICLE 1

Both Contracting Parties undertake to refrain from all acts of violence or aggression between them, conducted both individually and in alliance with other powers.

ARTICLE 2
If a contracting party is subject to acts of hostility by a third Power, the other Contracting Party shall in no so lend your support to that power.

ARTICLE 3
The Governments of both parties will maintain a close relationship with each other, consulting on issues that may affect the future on common interests.

ARTICLE 4
None of the two parties will participate in any alliance with any power that seeks, directly or indirectly, to attack the other party.

ARTICLE 5
Where conflicts arise between the contracting parties, or differences of any kind, either resolve such disputes exclusively through friendly discussions or, if necessary, resorting to arbitration committees. ARTICLE 6

This Treaty shall remain in force for a period of ten years with the proviso that if one of the Contracting Parties denounces it a year before the deadline, it will be automatically renewed for another five years.

ARTICLE 7 This Treaty shall be ratified as soon as possible. The respective ratifications will be presented in Berlin. The agreement will enter into force upon signature.

For the Government of the German Reich: von RIBBENTROP
For the Government of the USSR: Molotov

secret protocol attached to the non-aggression pact

September 28, 1939

The Government of the USSR will not hinder any citizen or any citizen of the Reich home German living in Soviet territory who wish to emigrate to Germany or the territories under German jurisdiction. The Government of the USSR that such migration can also be operated by officials of the Reich Government in cooperation with the competent local authorities and ensure that the rights of migrants on their property will be safeguarded.

The same commitment is given by the Government of the Reich against Russians or Ukrainians currently residing in the territories under German jurisdiction wishing to emigrate to the Soviet Union.

Moscow, September 28, 1939

For the Government of the German Reich: von RIBBENTROP
For the Government of the USSR: Molotov

The undersigned plenipotentiaries of the Government of the German Reich and Government of the USSR sign this agreement to the following conditions:

The Secret Supplementary Protocol signed August 23, 1939 will be amended by providing that the the State of Lithuania within the sphere of influence of the USSR that the province of Lublin and the province of Warsaw fall within the influence of Germany. As soon as the Government of the USSR has adopted special measures in Lithuania in order to protect its interests, the present German-Lithuanian border will be amended so that the part of Lithuanian territory situated to the south-west of the line marked on the attached map, part of the German Reich.

It was also stated that the economic agreements now in force between Germany and Lithuania will not be affected by the above measures that the Soviet Union will take.

Moscow, September 28, 1939

For the Government of the German Reich: von RIBBENTROP
For the Government of the USSR: Molotov

The undersigned Plenipotentiaries, in concluding the Treaty of Friendship Russian - German have agreed on the fact that both parties will not tolerate in their territories no Polish agitation which could have an impact on the territories of the other Contracting Party. They repress such unrest in the bud and agree on the best measures to be taken in such circumstances.

Moscow, September 28, 1939

For the Government of the German Reich: von RIBBENTROP
For the Government of the USSR: Molotov

Gall Bladder And Itching

lesson

a September 1939 attack on Poland.

France and Britain declare war on Germany. But that can not be fought in the east.

"La stana war" of 1939 - "40

The

drôle de guerre as the French call it (a week. 1939-10 May 1940)

Italy declares ... "non-belligerency"

• The struggle is just to the east and it is short (one month)
• dismay at the German Russian Pact
• Idea that the war will not last long (Blitz krieg), and then there were so many previous episodes

winter war goes west:

Denmark (one week)

Norway ( a month) advance against England and blow to Britain

The situation changed in the spring

May 10, 1940 attack on France, the war is no longer drôle.

The attack is swift, staggering. France not resist. In a month the war is over: the Germans are in Paris. Is divided into two parts: one under German control. The other with a friendly government "collaborator" with the Nazis.

In Italy:

• feeling that Germany is invincible
• that the war is going to end up with only one winner: Hitler

On June 10 Italy declares war on France and Britain now defeat

Mussolini Document No. 3 - Declaration of War:

http://it.youtube.com/watch?v=f17W75OKJw4

Text of the speech

"Fighters land , sea and air! Blackshirts of the revolution and the Legions!
Men and women of Italy, the Empire and the Kingdom of Albania. Listen!
hour marked by fate, flying in the sky of our country ...
Time ... the time of final decisions.
The declaration of war has already been delivered to the ambassadors of ...
to the ambassadors of Britain and France. "

"Proletarian and fascist Italy for the third time is standing strong, proud and united as never before.
The word is a single, categorical and challenging for everyone. It already
flight and turn the hearts from the Alps to the Indian Ocean: WIN! And we will win
to finally give a long period of peace with justice to Italy, Europe, the world. Italian people, run to arms, and demonstrates your tenacity, your courage, your strength. "

Mussolini's Idea of" parallel war "with the Germans, but on their own.

Summer of 1940: the only country that still resists is Britain.

phase of the "Battle of Britain" air only - German and underestimation was greater in the battle for reasons of prestige and not the army aviation England fold - but not so

In autumn, the situation is stabilized :

Hitler began to plan the real attack to the east ('Operation Barbarossa ")

Mussolini looking for a war just for himself, in October attacks Greece (a disaster: underestimation of Greece; distioglie resources from the northern front Africa; risk of humiliating defeat)

So: end of the parallel war: Germany and Italy attacked Yugoslavia together, go down easily invade the Balkans and Greece : It appears to be subordinate to the Italian

Germany June 22, 1941: Soviet attack

Characters War in the east:

· ideological war (fight Nazism - communism)

· race war (against the Aryan sub Human Slavs)

· war of extermination (you must create a vacuum for space vital: experimental techniques genocide)

Italy to war alongside the Germans. The "fronts":

• French front. (Less than a week)
• North African Front. The war in the desert with four stages.
• Front Ethiopian colony in the recent: lost in less than a year.
• Front greek Albanian - Yugoslav.
• Russian front. The Armiro

Phase of trust and consensus: Concept debated "consent" from the thesis of Renzo de Felice

However

stage victories and achievements from 1940 to 1942 (beyond the hidden details)

But

:

• The war is not so short as it seemed
• The war is not so easy as it was told

What is the turning point?

Things change between autumn 1942 and January 1943

Two points:

• The Battle of El Alamain
• resistance first and then counter-offensive at Stalingrad

On these two points that folding begins will not stop anymore.

Also in December 1941 the U.S. entered the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour

Can I Wear A Sweater To A Wedding?

lesson part 2 of 13 on December 3rd

The second phase of the war

is less consensus in relation to the deaths and defeats

In May 1943 the Italian and German troops leave Africa under British and American pressure

begin the bombing of German and Italian cities

In March of 1943 strikes in the factories to the north and the center (eg Prato).

Repression, but sign of rebellion.

On July 10 began landing in Sicily

The July 19 bombing of Rome impressive

Under Fascist leadership and the environment from the king a growing tendency to seek solutions to the situation.

The question:

• How to save the monarchy so compromised with the regime and with war?
• Avoiding that discontent against the regime gives way to a democratic revolution or even a communist?
• How to disengage from a war now considered lost?
• How to deal with the dangerous?
• What to do with Mussolini?

So we arrive the convening of the Fascist Grand Council on July 25, 1943

Agenda hierarch presented by Dino Grandi (large documents): Re entrust to the guidance of the situation = disheartened Mussolini. Majority vote.

Document No. 4 Agenda Department presented to the Grand Council of Fascism July 25, 1943

The Grand Council, meeting in these days of supreme trial, before turning all his thought to the heroic fighters of every weapon, that side by side with the fair people of Sicily, in which higher shines the clear faith of the Italian people, they renew the noble traditions of extreme value and the indomitable spirit of sacrifice of our glorious Armed Forces, having examined the situation and the domestic and international political and military conduct of the war, proclaims the sacred duty to all the pe Italian to defend at all costs, unity, independence, freedom of the country, the fruits of the sacrifices and efforts of four generations from the Renaissance to the present, life and the future of the Italian people, says the need for union moral and material of all the Italians in this grave and decisive for the destiny of the nation, declares that in such cases is necessary for the immediate restoration of all state functions attributed to Crown, the Grand Council, the government, parliament, the Corporations duties and responsibilities set out in our laws and constitutional government, calls the head of government to pray Majesty the King, which is directed towards the faithful and the hopeful heart of all the nation , that he will, for the honor and the salvation of the country, take on - the effective command of the armed forces on land, sea and air, according to Article 5 of the Charter for the Kingdom, - the supreme decision-making initiative that our institutions give to him and have always been, throughout the national history, the glorious heritage of our Augusta House of Savoy.

On July 26 Mussolini, after a meeting with the king, he was arrested and taken to a secret location

Vittorio Emanuele III entrusted the role of head of government to a military Pietro Badoglio.

Who was Pietro Badoglio? : Overcoming fascism was a reactionary keeping:

The news is spread and within hours the fascist regime discards: attacks on houses of the beam, the homes of hierarchy, some aggression. It seems that no one was in Fascist Italy.

For the Italian population is a valid equivalence:

= fascism war, then the end of fascism = end of war.

But is not that simple

Document: Declaration of Badoglio "The war goes on"

" Italians, by order of His Majesty the King and imperative to employ the military government of the country, with full powers. The war continues . Italy, hit hard in his province invaded, destroyed its cities, keeps his word, jealous guardian of its ancient traditions. Serrin the file is around His Majesty the King and Emperor, the living image of the country, an example to all. The delivery receipt is clear and precise: it will be strictly carried out, and anyone under the illusion of being able to disrupt the normal flow, or attempt to disrupt public order, will inevitably be affected. Viva Italy. Long live the King

Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio.

Badoglio maintains control over the population

· Press censorship

· civil liberties

· Prevention and control of population movements (including demonstrations of joy), many dead

· are not immediately freed all anti-fascist political prisoners

· are maintained the racial laws

"The war continues," but starting with secret contacts with the Allies for a separate peace.

The Germans how they react?

• strong link between Mussolini and Hitler who scorns both the king and Badoglio and the rest of the Italian Government.
• contempt even to the fascists who have "betrayed" Mussolini
• do not trust the Italians, they suspect that there are negotiations

So

• strengthen their presence in Italy with the excuse to fight the Allies in southern Italy
• try to know where it is kept Mussolini

Meanwhile the war continues in Sicily

The Badoglio government: from 25 July to 8 September

Unable to prepare the release by the alliance and a separate peace with the Germans

the evening of 8 September he was given the ' announcement of the armistice. Then the state falls apart:

Document: Armistice signed by Italy and the Anglo American September 3, 1943

Military Armistice signed in Cassibile, Sicily, September 3, 1943

The following conditions Armistice are presented by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, General Commander of the Allied Armed Forces, authorized by the Governments of the United States and Great Britain and in the interest of the United Nations and accepted by Marshal Pietro Badoglio, Chief of the Italian Government:

1) Immediate cessation any act of hostility by the Italian Armed Forces.

2) Italy will make every effort to deny the Germans the use of resources and facilities that could be used against the United Nations.

3) All prisoners and internees of the United Nations will be immediately turned over to Allied Commander in Chief and no one must be evacuated to Germany.

4) Immediate transfer of the Italian fleet and air force in the place indicated by the Allied Commander in Chief of disarmament in a way that will be established by that commander.

5) The Allied Commander in Chief may requisition the Italian Merchant Marine and use it to the necessities imposed by his naval plans.

6) Immediate surrender of Corsica and the Allies throughout the Italian territory, including islands, so in those areas you can install the same operating bases or whatever Allies deem necessary.

7) Immediate guarantee of the free use of all Italian airports and ports regardless of the evacuation of German forces from the Italian territory.

8) Immediate withdrawal of all Italian armed forces of any participation in war in any area they are currently involved.

9) Guarantee by the Italian Government that, if necessary, will use all its available armed forces to insure prompt and strict compliance with all conditions contained in this Armistice Agreement.

10) The Commander in Chief of Allied Forces reserves the right to take any measures it considers it be necessary to protect the interests of those allied forces during the continuation of the war and the Italian Government undertakes to take the administrative measures or other that will be required by the same Commander in Chief. In particular, the Commander in Chief will establish an Allied Military Government in those areas of the Italian territory in which the interests of the Allied Nations military require it.

11) The Commander in Chief of the armed forces to have the right to impose measures for disarmament, demobilization and demilitarization.

12) Other conditions of political, economic and financial cooperation in which Italy will meet will be communicated later.

The terms of this Armistice Agreement shall not be made public without prior permission of the Allied Commander in Chief.

The official text of the Armistice is written in English.

January G. Castellano (on behalf of Marshal Badoglio P.) January
W. Bedell Smith (on behalf of Gen. DD Eisenhower)

September 8, 1943 an armistice with the Anglo-American was suddenly announced by a recorded radio message to Badoglio,

Document: Badoglio radioed the message of the evening of 8 September

"The Italian government recognized the impossibility of continuing the unequal struggle against the overwhelming power of the opposing goal of saving more and more serious disasters to the nation, called for a truce to General Eisenhower, commander in chief of the Anglo-American allied forces. The request was granted. Consequently, every act of hostility against the Anglo-American forces must cease by the Italian forces in every place. But they react to attacks of any origin. "

• Badoglio, the king and a few others fled from Rome to Pescara and then by ship to Brindisi
• The army is left without guidelines
• The complete disarray

Film All home

• Sporadic fighting against the Germans (in Rome, in Piombino, a few other places)
• emblematic case of Cephalonia in the Aegean

• About 800,000 Italian troops from allies to become prisoners (IMI)

• Mussolini was freed by the Germans and taken to Germany. At the end of month the form Italian Social Republic RSI (called Salo)

Consequences:

Italy is split in two

In the South: The Southern Kingdom, with no real power in the area controlled by Anglo-American

In the North: The Republic Social fascist, no real autonomy in the area under control German.

The Germans are formally allied, but in fact are now an occupying army

Italy has not happened since the Napoleonic battleground of foreign armies

-Nazi Germans against Anglo-Americans. And the Italians?

For Italians, there is a problem: From which side?

After 20 years of the regime now is the time of individual choices.

Some, a minority in the north because it adheres strongly to CSR:

• It rejects the "betrayal" of the King, Badoglio, who ousted the Fascist Mussolini
• concept of 'honor' of the word ally
• idea of \u200b\u200bstruggle against the 'invaders' Anglo-American, against the "barbarians" in the name of the Roman civilization (basic theme of fascism)
• Allow for 20 years of military education, fascist

Part, another minority, surprisingly recovers the ability to reject the new regime and begins to resist. The reasons:

• in fascism and Mussolini are recognized leaders in the current debacle
• Idea of \u200b\u200b'honor' of Italy to be redeemed after the war and the dictatorship of fascist aggression
• Fighting the new Fascism goes with the fight against the Germans that "occupy" Italy
• The fight, for some people - Democrats, Republicans - not only against the past regime, but also to build a more democratic state
• The fight, for some people - communists - is the first step toward the socialist state and the revolution

Who am I?

• Young military officers and soldiers, scattered and escaped from the Germans

• antifascist exiles returned Badoglio in Italy during the period

• Nuclei of militants hiding in the preparations for the fight against fascism PCI

born first groups of stragglers, if not already strong.

In the period of 600 days there were Italian Salò

in military units of CSR (black shirts, Volunteer Militia, the Italian SS, Republican Army)

In partisan against the Germans and Fascists

in prison camps in Germany as a former military and refuse to join the CSR

in labor camps in Germany where they are deported as slave labor almost

wards of the new army of the Kingdom of the South side of the Anglo-American

But there is a Party does not choose and simply wait. Concept of "gray area".

Recent controversies, GP Pansa, against the rhetoric of resistance (rather useless)

All this while the front moves as a seismic wave traveling from south to north Italy

July 10 landing Sicily

September 8 (in conjunction with the announcement of the) landing at Salerno and in Puglia

The ascent is blocked by the parties in the winter of Cassino on the Gustav line. From Cassino Adriatic

January 22, landing at Anzio, in Rome, to circumvent the Gustav. Blocked.

It takes until spring

June 4 liberation of Rome (June 6 invasion of Normandy)

(June 29 at Cecina)

August: Florence

Fall new block in the Apennines: Gothic Line.

Only in the spring of 1945 there will be the final breakthrough in the simultaneous action of partisans in the areas of northern Italy.

25 April: a symbolic date of Deliverance (Milan, Genoa, Turin, etc.) the

On 28 Mussolini was caught fleeing to Switzerland and shot by partisans

Last three issues.

How to organize the Resistance .

wider phenomenon as the months pass.

In early improvised and spontaneous nuclei is accompanied by a political organization to coordinate the action is aimed towards a goal

born Committees of National Liberation (CLN) in illegal political organizations are represented more anti-fascist political forces to guide and coordinate the fight. CLN local, provincial CLN, CLN CLN national to regional in the area liberated by the Anglo-American

And High CLN Italy in the north.

the stain formed partisan group called "Brigades".

Garibaldi Brigades - mostly made up of communists. Are prevalent

Matteotti Brigades - socialists

Brigades Justice and Freedom - liberals, Republicans, what was called the "Action Party"

Brigades-white Catholics Democrats

In the cities operate GAP (Patriotic Action Groups)

More war progresses, the choice becomes more easy and convenient. But there are hunger, cold, the fascists, the Germans ...

Effect of mass desertion in conjunction with the call to arms of the new republican army.

the fight against growing repression

departments are involved in the Fascist militia

German army units (in particular those with experience behind the war took place in areas of ' Eastern Europe!)

departments of the SS anti banned (!)

This is how the carnage from spring to winter "44 - '45. Example:

• Ardeatine Pits (Rome, March 1944)
• Sant'Anna di Stazzema (August 1944)
• Guardistallo (June 1944)
• Marzabotto (winter 44 - 45)

are dozens of massacres. Nowhere in Europe, outside in the summer, there have been so terrible cases of war against civilians. Why?

• We are facing a war "civil" the Italians of the two parties fighting against other Italians considered as "traitors"
• by the Germans, in addition to military necessity, there is a double against the Italian feeling: anger and contempt: the Italians, they are either traitors or servants. In any case unworthy of being treated like human beings
• German units used the war in Russia have learned the techniques of mass murder against civilians. Hours, apply in the West.
• In this phase of the war seems to be spreading along with the sense of inevitable defeat, the death wish: The Fade cupio

Last question: Who ends up in camps in Germany

At least four categories of Italian

• The so-called "political" are not the partisans (those are usually killed immediately): they are of suspects and relatives of young people resisting the inhabitants of neighborhoods generally anti-Fascist, workers went on strike or protest, and so suspicious. is an unknown number
• Workers "volunteers" actually race as the previous ones, but those with the aim of achieving the required slave labor to run the war production in Germany, as German men, excluding only the old and the children are sent to the front. Unknown number. The compensation continue to this day.
• The IMI: 800,000 officers and soldiers after September 8. Accepts only a small part, to return to Italy, to join the new army fascist Republican (and a few, after training, arrived in Italy, desert and join partisan bands). About 70,000 die from hunger, disease, toil in the fields. Not subject to the system of protection provided by the treaties on prisoners of war, the Italians are defined IMI, that Italians Get involved Internees.
• The Italians of Jewish religion. Identified and excluded from the Italian community from more than 1938, the Italians, the Jewish Holocaust begins after September 8 and the formation of CSR (document Verona). With the German control of the central north began in internment camps by the Italian CSR, conveying the scope of Fossoli, and starting in Germany in the extermination camps. The first train from Rome following the raid of October 16, 1943 (more than 1000 people, of which only a few units returning from the fields). Another field of collection and Trieste for the Italians Jews in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Adriatic. Eventually there will be about 20,000 Jews from Italy started to farm.

The Italians in the fields, past the past. The highest mortality rate among all national communities of inmates. Easy to see why.

Do Poodles Have A Fast Heart Rate

Financing by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Volterra


Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Volterra confirmed for the school year 2007 -2008 financial support to the course of history "Learning / teaching the Shoah (2006-2007) The Italians in camps concentration (2007 - 2008). The contribution to be used for the planned activities and amounts to 4500 € fundamental to the memory of a journey to the concentration camps.

Women Qualities As A Nurse

travel program fields



E 'was prepared travel program to the fields to be held next May in care of Pisa dell'ANED

ANED Asst Nat. Former political prisoners in Nazi death camps

Sec. Pisa - Via Pietro Micca, 12

56025 - Pontedera (PI)

Tel and Fax 0587-292449 / 335-5818579 Cell

anedpigeloni @ free e-mail. it

Pilgrimage to Nazi death camps

63 anniversary of the liberation

Journey time: 5 days (in coach)

date of departure from PONTEDERA: May 15, 2008

City Transit: MONACO Munich - Salzburg - Linz - Innsbruck

Golf visit: Dachau - Ebensee - Gusen - CASTLE Hartheim - MAUTHUASEN

Individual rate: € 505

Supplement single room € 180 for the whole trip

PROGRAM

Thursday, May 15: Pontedera / Bressanone / MONACO MUNICH (690 km)

Gathering of Gentlemen Participants:

· 05:00 hours in Via De Gasperi - PONTEDERA

· Romagna Via Tosco at 05.30 in front of the Exhibition of Furniture - FARM

· 06.00 am in front of the Palais de la Bourse - PISA

and departure via Highway Trento / Bolzano. stops along the way at roadside restaurants.

BRESSANONE Stop in for a second breakfast in the restaurant at 13.00. Continue to 14.30 per MONACO MUNICH.

Evening arrival, accommodation in private rooms. Dinner at the hotel and overnight.

Friday, May 16: MONACO / DACHAU / Rosenheim / Salzburg (150 km)

After breakfast, departure for the visit of the former death camp of Dachau. Arrival and visit the historical museum, the parade grounds, the gas chambers, the crematoria.

At about 11.30 am ceremony in front of the Monument for.

Departure around 13.00 to ROSENHEIM and stop at a restaurant for second breakfast (At 14.30 approx.).

After continuing to Salzburg. Arrival, accommodation in private rooms, dinner and overnight.

Saturday, May 17: SALZBURG / Ebensee / CASTLE Hartheim / Gusen / LINZ (Km.240)

After breakfast, depart for the visit the former concentration camp of Ebensee and museum gallery. Ceremony at 10:30 am at the monument Lepetit.

starting at 12.00 am on the lake and stop for a second breakfast in a restaurant.

Continue to 14.00 for the ceremony and Alkoven CASTLE Hartheim 15.30. Visit the museum and proceed to the field of Gusen. Visit the Memorial.

In the evening arrival in Linz, hotel accommodation in the reserved rooms, dinner and overnight.

Sunday, May 18 - LINZ / Mauthausen / Innsbruck (315 km)

At 5:30, after breakfast, departure for the former death camp Mauthausen.

Visit Field and the historical museum. The parade grounds, showers, gas chamber, the crematorium, the barracks, the scale of death.

ceremony at 10:15 am at the Italian monument. At 11.00 am the procession and ceremony training for the international celebration of 63 th Anniversary of Liberation.

At 12:30 departure for LINZ and the second stop for lunch in a restaurant. In the afternoon at about 14:00 drive to Innsbruck.

Arrival at the hotel, accommodation in private rooms, dinner and overnight.

Monday, May 19 - INNSBRUCK / Bressanone / Pontedera (Km 534)

Breakfast at the hotel. In the morning meeting at 08.00 am for a meeting with participants at the end of the trip.

Departure for the return in Italy. Arrival in Bressanone and lunch in a restaurant at about 13.30. Departure for PONTEDERA. Stops along the way in roadside restaurants. Late arrival.

END OF THE JOURNEY

The price includes:

· pass by luxury coach from Pontedera in Pontedera,

· the accommodation in 4 star hotels in double or three twin beds for students and adults, all with private bath;

· full board for the duration of travel;

· meals in restaurants, as scheduled;

· the assistance of an interpreter for the duration of the journey;

· Alaservice insurance for illness / injury;

· material;

· taxes and service fees.

Not included:

· drinks with meals, tips, extras;

· breakfast on departure day and dinner on day of arrival;

· Supplement (On request) for a single room for the whole trip € 180;

· anything not specifically mentioned in the program.

The SINGLE JURISDICTIONS must be requested in writing at the time notice of the names - at the times indicated - specifying the method of payment. Otherwise, the organization does not guarantee to satisfy the request.

Documents:

· identity card valid and / or certificate of identity VALID FOR FOREIGN for children

Give the memory a future! ....

Technical Organization "Fabella TRAVEL

Via Anfossi 44-20135 Milano

Tel 02/5519.5266 5519.0051 Fax

E-mail: info@fabelloviaggi.com-wwwfabelloviaggi.com / memory

DEPARTURE May 15, 2008

- 05:00 from Pontedera Via De Gasperi (exit freeway FI-PI-LI, first roundabout turn left, second roundabout turn right towards the center) for those who are with the municipalities of: Pontedera, Bientina, Buti, Calcinaia, Hangars, Casciana, Castelfranco di Sotto, Castelnuovo VC, Lari, Montecatini VC Montopoli, Palaia, Peccioli, Pomarance, Ponsacco S. Miniato, Santa Croce S / A, Santa Maria a Monte, Terricciola, Volterra

- at 05.30 from Cascina VIA TOSCO Romagnoli ( front of the Exhibition of Furniture ) for those who are with the municipalities of: Football, House, Lorenzana, Santa Luce, Vicopisano

- AT 6:00 FROM PISA PIAZZA V. EMANUELE (front bar " The Stock Exchange") for those that come with the provinces of Livorno and Pisa and the municipalities: Casale M.mo, Castellina M.ma, Cecina, Collesalvetti, Guardistallo, Livorno, Montescudaio, Pisa, Riparbella, Rosignano, San Giuliano T.me, Vecchiano

VI REMEMBER:

A) The number of participants must be informed in this section by the end of March, instead of the names must be received by April 10, 2008 via fax ( 0587/292449) or via e-mail ( anedpigeloni@libero.it ) with the application of the rooms individual, which if not recognized Administration, Please note remained the responsibility of the applicant (€ 180 a person for the duration of the trip) therefore be paid directly all'incaricato Agency during the journey;

B) All participants must have a suitable document for travel abroad (identity card or certificate);

C) Participants (students and adults) who want to join privately to Pilgrimage will make contact only with the ANED that all information, will reserve that still accept requests should be sent only by fax or e-mail;

D) Individual quotas are set for this year:

- € 505 (individual participation fee)

- € 180 (single supplement if any)

E) The government must send the payment by April 30, 2008 at half BANK BANK on Aug. 2 TUSCANY Pisa C / C 200602 CAB 14002 ABI 03400 payable to ANED / Geloni Laura;

F) Administrations requiring invoices should send their request directly to the section ANED of Pisa, via fax ( 0587/292449) or e-mail ( anedpigeloni @ libero.it ), indicating their tax information, any description and to whom the request should be sent. The ANED will forward the request to the agency that will issue and send.

G) The detailed list of restaurants and hotels will be delivered the morning of departure to all those who request it;

H) any questions ANED is the reference section of Pisa c / o LAURA Gelone - Via P. No Micca 12-56025 Pontedera (PI)

Fax 0587/292449

Cell 335/5818579 weekdays 8:00 to 9:00 a.m. / 1:00 p.m. to 15:00 / 19:00 to 22:00

Saturday / Holidays any time

E-mail anedpigeloni@libero.it

Kates Playground Foto 2010

Course of History Italians in concentration camps 3rd meeting

November 24, 2007

Students

Via Napoli Via

Ambrogi

The next meeting of the course of history "The Italians in camps concentration "is moved from the date (November 29th) to Tuesday, December 4 from 14 to 16 hours in via Ambrogi. Scheduled completion of the previous lesson and "racial laws in Germany and Italy: the human implications" by Prof. Carla Mannari.

The next lesson is postponed to Thursday from 6 December 13 from 14pm to 16 with the prof. Parenti on "The war in Italy 1943 e1945"


Professor Parenti

Methathione Side Effect

The Italians in concentration camps 2nd Meeting People members

Students

Via Napoli

Via Ambrogi

Please note that the second meeting on the course of history "The Italians in concentration camps" (Anti-Semitism: aspects of thought) will be held Tuesday, November 20 14 pm 16 at the site of Via Ambrogio Professor Carla Mannari.

Professor Parenti

What To Eat After Taking Saline Laxative

	Last Name		Class
1	B.	A.	2 Clas
2	B.	E.	5 B sc
3	B.	R.	4 B soc
4	B.	E.	4 B sc
5	B.	P.	4 C soc
6	B.	A.	3 Clas
7	B.	S.	2 Clas
8	C.	V.	5 D treatment
9	C.	F.	4A soc
10	de C.	V.	2 Clas
11	Di P.	G.	5 D ling
12	D.	C.	5 H soc
13	F.	G.	4 B soc
14	F.	V.	4 A soc
15	M.	E.	5 D ling
16	M.	S.	5 H soc
17	M.	S.	5 D treatment
18	M.	C.	4A sc
19	M.	G.	4 A sc
20	N.	G.	4 B sc
21	P.	A.	3 Clas
22	P.	I.	4 B sc
23	P.	C.	5 D treatment
24	P.	I.	4 B soc
25	R.	E.	2 Clas
26	R.	B .	4A sc
27	R.	L.	4 B sc
28	R.	F.	3 Clas
29	S.	G.	5 D treatment
30	S.	G.	4 A soc
31	T.	M.	4 C soc
32	T.	S.	4 C soc
33	V.	V.	4 C soc